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سیستم پشتبند
In addition to the retaining wall, the main components of the strutting system include horizontal struts, wales, rakers, end braces, comer braces, and center posts.
The strut system begins to bear the earth pressure on the back of the retaining wall once excavation is started.
The success of the strut system is a pivotal factor in the safety of excavations.
In this section are introduced the commonly used designing methods for a strut system.
As for the special considerations in designing a strut system, please refer to related literature (e.g.
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